1991

What Was Happening in 1991

The Gulf War erupts on live television as the Soviet Union collapses and a new world order begins.

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World Events in 1991

Gulf War - Operation Desert Storm

A US-led coalition launched a massive air campaign against Iraq on 17 January, followed by a ground offensive in February. Kuwait was liberated after just 100 hours of ground combat.

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

On 25 December, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as Soviet president, and the USSR formally ceased to exist the following day. Fifteen independent republics emerged from the collapse.

Yugoslav Wars Begin

Slovenia and Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia, triggering armed conflict. The wars would consume the Balkans for most of the decade and produce Europe's worst atrocities since World War II.

Apartheid Laws Repealed in South Africa

President F.W. de Klerk repealed the remaining apartheid laws including the Group Areas Act and the Population Registration Act. This marked a formal end to the legal framework of racial segregation.

Rajiv Gandhi Assassinated

Former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was killed by a suicide bomber during an election rally on 21 May. The assassination was carried out by the Tamil Tigers.

Music in 1991

UK #1

"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You"

Bryan Adams

From the Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves soundtrack, it spent a record-breaking 16 consecutive weeks at number one in the UK.

US #1

"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You"

Bryan Adams

The power ballad from Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves dominated charts worldwide, spending seven weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100.

#1 Film of 1991

Terminator 2: Judgment Day

Box Office: $520 million worldwide

James Cameron's sequel starring Arnold Schwarzenegger pushed the boundaries of CGI with its liquid metal T-1000. It was the highest-grossing film of 1991.

Born in 1991

Ed Sheeran

Singer-songwriter and one of the best-selling music artists of all time

Feliciano Lopez

Spanish tennis player known for his longevity on the ATP Tour

Tyler, the Creator

Rapper, producer, and fashion designer who founded Odd Future

Jamie Murray

British doubles tennis champion, brother of Andy Murray

Lost in 1991

Freddie Mercury

Lead vocalist of Queen, one of rock's greatest ever frontmen

Age 45

Dr. Seuss (Theodor Geisel)

Beloved author and illustrator of children's books including The Cat in the Hat

Age 87

Miles Davis

Legendary jazz trumpeter and one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century

Age 65

Robert Maxwell

Media mogul who died amid a massive pension fraud scandal

Age 68

Technology in 1991

The World Wide Web went public as Tim Berners-Lee published the first website. Ninetendo released the Super NES in the US, and mobile phones were starting to shrink from bricks to merely large handsets. Linus Torvalds released the first Linux kernel.

  • The first website goes live at CERN
  • Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) launched in the US
  • Linux kernel first released by Linus Torvalds
  • Apple launches the PowerBook laptop range

Cost of Living in 1991

ItemUKUS
Average house price£62,455$100,000
Average salary£14,420$31,000
Pint of milk26p$0.56
Loaf of bread52p$0.72
Dozen eggs£1.04$1.01
Pint of beer£1.18$2.10
Gallon of petrol/gas£1.90$1.14
Cinema ticket£2.90$4.21

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The Zeitgeist of 1991

Grunge was emerging from Seattle with Nirvana's Nevermind transforming rock music overnight. In the UK, Madchester and the rave scene still dominated, with baggy jeans and bucket hats the uniform. Bryan Adams seemed to be number one forever.

In the News in 1991

Operation Desert Storm liberated Kuwait in just 100 hours of ground combat. The Soviet Union formally dissolved on Christmas Day. Robert Maxwell fell off his yacht amid a pensions scandal.

Explore the full 1990s →

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